# Exchange rates (forex)

This module covers the Pakistani rupee against the US dollar and more than 20 other currencies (plus the IMF's SDR). It has **monthly averages and month-end rates going back to 1947**, the **daily interbank USD/PKR rate** (SBP's M2M revaluation rate and weighted-average bid/offer), plus the State Bank's real and nominal effective exchange-rate indices. It holds about 200 series and comes from the **SBP**.

| | |
|---|---|
| Module | `forex` |
| Frequency | Monthly (dated to month-end); daily for the interbank USD/PKR series |
| History | USD/PKR and GBP/PKR from Aug 1947; most majors from the 1950s-60s; EUR from 1995 |
| Latest | Daily series every business day; monthly series a few weeks after month-end |
| Endpoint | [`GET /v1/series/{id}`](https://pakdatahub.com/docs/api-series.md) |

## Key series

| Id | What it is |
|---|---|
| `fx.rate.m2m.usd` | PKR per US dollar, SBP's daily M2M revaluation rate (the official daily reference rate). Daily, from Oct 2026 |
| `fx.rate.interbank.usd` | PKR per US dollar, weighted-average interbank rate, `dims` `side` = `bid` or `offer`. Daily, from Oct 2026 |
| `fx.rate.avg.usd` | PKR per US dollar, monthly average, 1947 -> today |
| `fx.rate.monthend.usd` | PKR per US dollar, month-end |
| `fx.rate.avg.eur` - `.gbp` - `.jpy` - `.sar` - `.aed` - `.cny` | Monthly average vs the euro, sterling, yen, Saudi riyal, UAE dirham, yuan |
| `fx.rate.monthend.eur` - `.gbp` - ... | Month-end equivalents |
| `fx.effective.reer` | Real Effective Exchange Rate index (trade-weighted, inflation-adjusted) |
| `fx.effective.neer` | Nominal Effective Exchange Rate index |
| `fx.rate.avg.app_dep_average_exchange_rate_rupees_*` | Average rate and appreciation/depreciation vs other currencies (CAD, CHF, KWD, SGD, SDR, ...) |
| `fx.usd.avg.*` | Cross rates: other currencies per US dollar |

## Examples

```bash
# The rupee since independence
curl -H "X-API-Key: pk_live_xxx" \
  "https://api.pakdatahub.com/v1/series/fx.rate.avg.usd?from=1947-01-01&sort=asc&format=csv"

# Today's interbank dollar (offer side)
curl -H "X-API-Key: pk_live_xxx"   "https://api.pakdatahub.com/v1/series/fx.rate.interbank.usd/latest?dims=side:offer"

# Year-on-year depreciation vs the dollar
curl -H "X-API-Key: pk_live_xxx" \
  "https://api.pakdatahub.com/v1/series/fx.rate.avg.usd?transform=yoy&from=2020-01-01&sort=asc"

# Discover every currency
curl "https://api.pakdatahub.com/v1/catalog?module=forex"
```

## Notes

- Values are **PKR per unit of foreign currency** (unit `pkr`), except the `fx.usd.*` cross rates and the index series.
- The daily interbank series (`fx.rate.m2m.usd`, `fx.rate.interbank.usd`) are read from the SBP's daily market snapshot and accrue from October 2026; for earlier years use the monthly averages. Open-market (kerb/exchange-company) rates have no official source and aren't covered.
- A free tool built on this data: [USD/PKR history](https://pakdatahub.com/tools/usd-pkr-history).

Use cases: remittance and cross-border pricing, contract indexation, converting a PKR series into dollars, FX-risk and macro models. See also the [guide](https://pakdatahub.com/guides/fx.rate.avg.usd) and the [forex module page](https://pakdatahub.com/data/forex).

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Source: https://pakdatahub.com/docs/data-forex - PakDataHub docs index: https://pakdatahub.com/docs/llms.txt